flagge

Flagge is the German term for a flag and is used to denote a piece of rectangular cloth bearing a symbol, pattern, or colors that identifies a nation, organization, person, or signal. Flags function as emblems and signals, appearing on buildings, ships, sports venues, and during ceremonies. They can convey identity, values, or allegiance and are often raised or lowered to mark events, celebrations, or mourning.

The design of flags falls within the field of vexillology, which studies flag history, symbolism, and usage. Effective flag designs typically emphasize simplicity, meaningful symbolism, limited colors, and scalability so the flag remains recognizable from a distance and in motion. Common elements include geometric patterns such as stripes or crosses, as well as emblems, coats of arms, or symbols. Color choices in flags often carry widely understood associations, though meanings can vary by culture or era.

Flags come in many forms, including national flags, regional or state flags, organizational banners, nautical ensigns, maritime signal flags, and pennants. Materials are usually durable fabrics like nylon or polyester, and common aspect ratios include 2:3 or 3:5 to suit different display contexts. Flag etiquette covers how, when, and where flags are raised, lowered, or flown, and rules for displaying multiple flags or handling damaged flags.

Historically, flags emerged in ancient and medieval contexts as military standards and markers of authority. The modern proliferation of national and organizational flags reflects changes in statehood, nationalism, and international diplomacy, with countless designs representing communities and ideas worldwide.