f71

F71 is the ICD-10-CM code used to classify moderate intellectual disability, a developmental condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The term intellectual disability has largely replaced older terms such as mental retardation in medical and welfare contexts.

Overview and criteria

Moderate intellectual disability typically arises in childhood or early development. Diagnostic criteria include deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that cover conceptual, social, and practical skills. An estimated IQ range associated with F71 is roughly 35 to 49, though clinical assessment also relies on adaptive functioning and daily living skills. Onset is during the developmental period, and supports are usually required in multiple areas of life, including education, employment, and independent living.

Causes and associated factors

Moderate intellectual disability reflects heterogeneous etiologies, including genetic conditions (for example, Down syndrome or Fragile X syndrome), prenatal and perinatal factors, and environmental influences. Associated health issues such as epilepsy, sensory impairments, and psychiatric comorbidities may occur. The condition exists on a spectrum, and presentations vary in strength of support needs across conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Management and prognosis

Management emphasizes individualized, multidisciplinary supports. Education plans typically involve strong school-based interventions, life skills training, and ongoing therapies (speech, occupational, or physical therapy). Transition planning aids in vocational training and community integration. Prognosis depends on comorbid conditions and access to sustained supports; with appropriate services, many individuals achieve greater independence and meaningful participation in society.