etuotsalohko

Etuotsalohko, commonly referred to as the frontal lobe, is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex. It is located at the front of the brain, anterior to the central sulcus and above the lateral sulcus, and is bounded by the parietal and temporal lobes. The frontal lobe contains several functional subregions with distinct roles.

Key structures within the etuotsalohko include the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus), which controls voluntary movements; the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area, involved in planning and coordinating movements; and Broca’s area, typically located in the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere, important for language production. The prefrontal cortex, occupying a large portion of the frontal lobe, is essential for higher cognitive functions such as planning, working memory, decision making, attention, and social behavior. Subregions include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex, each contributing to executive control and emotional regulation.

Functions in combination support voluntary motor control, complex problem solving, goal-directed behavior, and personality aspects. Language production, especially in the left hemisphere, is associated with frontal regions, while cognitive control and motivation are linked to prefrontal circuits.

Clinical relevance includes deficits following injury or disease. Lesions can cause motor impairments, apraxia, aphasia, and impaired executive function. Orbitofrontal damage may lead to disinhibition and social problems. Frontotemporal dementia and strokes affecting the frontal lobe illustrate the range of possible clinical presentations. Blood supply largely comes from the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries.