esteatose

Esteatose, commonly known as fatty infiltration or fatty liver, is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within the liver cells (hepatocytes). It is a common hepatic disorder that can be asymptomatic in its early stages but may progress to more severe liver damage if left untreated.

The condition is primarily associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. It can also result from excessive alcohol consumption, certain medications, rapid weight loss, or malnutrition. There are two main types of steatosis: alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the more prevalent form and is closely linked to obesity and metabolic syndromes.

Diagnosis of esteatose often involves blood tests indicating elevated liver enzymes, imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can detect fat accumulation. Liver biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic procedure, especially in uncertain cases or when ruling out other liver conditions.

While early-stage steatosis may be reversible, it can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer if unmanaged. Treatment primarily focuses on lifestyle modifications, including weight loss, dietary changes, increased physical activity, and control of associated metabolic risk factors. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage comorbidities.

Prevention involves maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding excessive alcohol intake, and managing conditions like diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Regular medical check-ups are essential for early detection and intervention to prevent potential complications associated with esteatose.