elastane

Elastane, also known as spandex or Lycra (brand names), is a synthetic fiber made from segmented polyurethane. It is renowned for its exceptional elasticity, able to stretch several times its length and recover rapidly. In general, elastane fibers can extend about five to eight times their original length, with the fabric’s performance depending on the blend and finish.

Elastane is produced by polymerizing diisocyanates with polyols to form a polyurethane polymer, which is then spun into fibers through dry or wet spinning. Because elastane fibers themselves are relatively permeable to air and have low moisture absorption, they are usually combined with other fibers to create durable, comfortable fabrics. Common blends include cotton, polyester, or nylon, and elastane can be used as core-spun or covered yarns to tailor stretch and hand feel.

Properties and performance vary with formulation and finishing, but typical advantages include excellent shape retention, smooth and comfortable fit, and good recovery after stretching. Limitations include relatively low abrasion resistance compared with some other fibers, sensitivity to strong chemicals and high temperatures, and limited inherent UV resistance (often improved with stabilizers). Elastane is also permeable to oils and solvents and may degrade with prolonged exposure to chlorine or tanning lotions.

Uses and care: elastane is widely used in underwear, athletic and swimwear, leggings, stretch denim, shapewear, and medical stockings. Garments are usually washed at moderate temperatures, and high heat should be avoided to preserve elasticity. UV stabilizers and proper care extend garment life.

Environmental considerations: elastane is a synthetic, non-biodegradable fiber; it is commonly used in blends, complicating recycling, and may contribute to microplastic shedding with washing.