earphones

Earphones are small personal audio devices designed to deliver sound directly to the ear, typically by sitting in or around the outer ear. They are a category of headphones that emphasizes portability and a lightweight form factor, in contrast to larger over-ear or on-ear models. The term encompasses various designs, including earbuds that rest at the entrance of the ear canal and in-ear monitors that seal the canal for improved isolation.

Earphones can be wired or wireless. Wired models typically connect via a 3.5 mm jack, USB-C, or Lightning connector, while wireless variants use Bluetooth and may support different audio codecs such as SBC, AAC, aptX, or LDAC. Driver technology varies and includes dynamic drivers, balanced-armature drivers, and, in rare cases, electrostatic designs. Impedance and sensitivity influence how loudly a model plays with different devices and how much battery or amplification it may require.

Design features commonly include passive noise isolation achieved by a snug fit, and some models offer active noise cancellation. Comfort, fit, and seal affect sound quality, especially the bass response and perceived clarity. Microphones and remote controls are often integrated for calls and playback control. Care and safety considerations include keeping tips clean, avoiding moisture damage, and listening at moderate volumes to protect hearing.

Historically, earphones evolved from early personal listening and telephone-use devices and became widespread with portable players and mobile devices. The rise of true wireless earbuds in the 2010s further popularized the form, emphasizing convenience and compactness.