diabetici

Diabetics, or diabetici, are people who have diabetes mellitus, a chronic condition characterized by persistently high blood glucose due to impaired insulin production, insulin action, or both. The main forms are type 1 diabetes (autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells), type 2 diabetes (insulin resistance with progressive beta-cell decline), and gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy. Other specific types result from genetic conditions, medications, or other illnesses.

Common signs include excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. Some individuals, especially with type 2 or gestational diabetes, may have few or no symptoms. Diagnosis uses blood tests such as fasting plasma glucose, random glucose, the oral glucose tolerance test, or HbA1c.

Management aims to keep blood glucose within target ranges and reduce complication risk. Type 1 diabetes requires lifelong insulin therapy, along with nutrition, physical activity, and education. Type 2 diabetes is managed with lifestyle changes and medications, including metformin and other agents; some people eventually need insulin. Gestational diabetes is treated to protect the health of mother and baby and often resolves after delivery.

Diabetes increases the risk of acute problems like hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, and chronic complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot problems. Regular monitoring, screening for complications, vaccinations, and access to education and support are essential.

Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, and a balanced diet, particularly for those at risk of type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes. Ongoing research seeks earlier detection, better therapies, and strategies to prevent or delay disease progression.