diabetesi

Diabetesi is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistently high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. This condition arises when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is crucial for allowing glucose to enter cells to be used for energy.

There are several types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This typically develops in children and young adults, though it can occur at any age, and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, accounting for about 90-95% of all cases. It usually develops gradually and is often linked to genetics, lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity, and aging. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Gestational diabetes is a form that occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk of type 2 diabetes for both the mother and child later in life.

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications affecting various organs, including the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Symptoms can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure glucose levels. Management strategies vary depending on the type and severity but often involve diet modifications, regular exercise, weight management, and medication, including insulin for some individuals.