defibrillaator

A defibrillaator is an electronic device used to deliver an electrical shock to the heart in order to restore a normal rhythm in cases of certain life-threatening arrhythmias, most notably ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The term is commonly spelled defibrillator in English, and defibrillaator is an alternative spelling found in some languages.

There are several types of defibrillators. External defibrillators include automated external defibrillators (AEDs), designed for use by laypersons, and manual external defibrillators used by clinicians. Implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are surgically placed devices that monitor heart rhythm and can deliver shocks or pacing therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death. Subcutaneous ICDs are a variant with leads placed under the skin rather than in heart veins.

Defibrillation works by delivering a controlled electric shock that briefly depolarizes a large portion of the heart muscle, interrupting chaotic electrical activity and allowing the heart’s natural pacemaker to resume a normal rhythm. AEDs analyze the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is indicated, providing voice prompts and guidance to bystanders.

In practice, defibrillators are used in both out-of-hospital and hospital settings as part of resuscitation. When a shock is indicated, safety steps are followed to ensure no one is in contact with the patient. Pads or leads must be placed according to guidelines, and care should be taken to avoid interference with implanted devices when applicable.

Safety and maintenance include regular battery checks, expiration dating on pads and leads, and training in proper use. Early defibrillation, combined with prompt CPR, improves survival in cardiac arrest.