cupcake

A cupcake is a small cake designed to serve one person, baked in a cup-shaped liner placed in a muffin pan. The batter is a shortened version of standard cake batter and can be butter-, oil-, or sponge-based, typically featuring sugar, flour, eggs, and a leavening agent. Flavors range from vanilla and chocolate to fruit, spice, and coffee, with decorations that often include frosting, icing, or glaze.

The term and concept emerged in the United States in the 19th century, with recipes describing cakes baked in small cups or liners. Over time, cupcakes became a popular, commercially produced and home-baked item, available in countless variations and decorative styles. Modern practice commonly uses standard-sized liners, but mini and jumbo versions are also found.

Frosting is a defining feature for many cupcakes and is typically applied after baking. Common frostings include buttercream, cream cheese, ganache, and fondant, often colored or piped in decorative patterns. Cupcakes may be topped with sprinkles, fruit, nuts, or other decorations to suit occasions such as birthdays, weddings, or holidays.

Cupcakes are frequently compared with muffins; while both are baked with similar ingredients, cupcakes are usually sweeter and frosted, whereas muffins are commonly less sweet and may be textured with fruit, nuts, or grains and are less likely to be iced.

In modern kitchens and bakeries, cupcakes are produced individually or in large batches, and packaged for retail or catered events. They remain a versatile, portable dessert and a staple of celebratory menus worldwide.