cumplido

Cumplido is a Spanish term with several related meanings derived from the verb cumplir, which means to fulfill or to carry out. As an adjective, cumplido is the past participle of cumplir and is used to describe something that has been completed or achieved, such as a task, objetivo, or obligation: “un objetivo cumplido,” “tarea cumplida.” It can also describe compliance with rules or promises, though in formal contexts the noun “cumplimiento” is more typical.

As a noun, un cumplido is a courteous remark or compliment addressed to someone. In this sense, the expression “hacer un cumplido” or “dar un cumplido” means to praise or flatter politely, and “recibir cumplidos” denotes receiving compliments. The plural “cumplidos” is common in social contexts: “Me hicieron varios cumplidos por mi vestido.”

Etymology: cumplido derives from cumplir, which ultimately comes from Latin complēre (“to fill up” or “to complete”). The sense of completion is retained in the adjectival use, while the noun sense of a polite remark developed in colloquial usage.

Usage notes: The word is neutral and widely understood across Spanish-speaking regions, though in some contexts the noun “cumplido” may emphasize social politeness, whereas “cumplimiento” is preferred for formal fulfillment, compliance, or contractual obligations. The reflexive form “cumplirse” indicates that something comes to pass or is fulfilled.