hacer

Hacer is a common Spanish verb meaning "to do" or "to make." It is highly versatile and used both transitively and in idiomatic expressions to imply performing an action, producing a result, or causing something to happen. It also appears in various periphrastic constructions and serves as a semi-auxiliary in some contexts.

Etymology: Hacer derives from Latin facere, through Old Spanish facier or facer, and is cognate with Portuguese fazer and Italian fare. The core senses "to do" and "to make" have remained central, but the verb is markedly irregular in many tenses and forms.

Conjugation: In the present indicative it is irregular: hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen. The preterite is hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron; imperfect hacía, hacías, hacía, hacíamos, hacíais, hacían. The future is haré, harás, hará, haremos, haréis, harán; conditional haría, harías, haría, haríamos, haríais, harían. Subjunctive present: haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagáis, hagan. Gerund: haciendo; past participle: hecho. Imperative: haz (tú), haga (usted), hagamos (nosotros), haced (vosotros), hagan (ustedes).

Common uses and expressions: Hacer describes performing actions (hacer la tarea), producing things (hacer un café), or weather (hacer frío, hace calor). It forms many idioms such as hacer caso, hacer daño, hacer una pregunta, hacer deporte, hacer las maletas. The causative sense can be expressed with hacer que + subjuntivo to indicate causing someone to do something, and the pronominal hacerse means "to become" or "to make oneself" a status or condition.