cukorbetegséget

Cukorbetegség, commonly referred to as diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This occurs because the pancreas either does not produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or the body's cells do not respond properly to the insulin produced.

There are several types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form, develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough of it. It is often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity, and can usually be managed with diet, exercise, and oral medications, though insulin may be necessary in some cases. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk of type 2 diabetes for both mother and child later in life.

Uncontrolled high blood sugar over time can lead to serious long-term complications affecting various organs, including the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Symptoms can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests measuring glucose levels. Management focuses on maintaining blood glucose within a target range to prevent or delay complications.