csontvázgyengeséget

Csontvázgyengeség, also known as osteoporosis, is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in bone density and quality, leading to weakened bones that are more prone to fracture. This condition affects millions of people worldwide, with a higher prevalence in older adults, particularly women after menopause. The gradual loss of bone mass occurs because the body either doesn't produce enough new bone, or it reabsorbs too much old bone, or both.

The primary risk factor for developing csontvázgyengeséget is age, but other contributing factors include genetics, hormonal changes (especially estrogen deficiency), poor nutrition (particularly calcium and vitamin D deficiencies), sedentary lifestyle, certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders, and the use of some medications such as corticosteroids. Many individuals with csontvázgyengeséget have no symptoms until they experience a fracture, often from a minor fall or even from everyday activities like coughing or bending. Common fracture sites include the hip, spine, and wrist.

Diagnosis typically involves a bone mineral density test, such as a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Treatment aims to slow bone loss, increase bone density, and prevent fractures. This often includes lifestyle modifications like increasing calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Medications such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and hormone replacement therapy may also be prescribed to help manage the condition. Early detection and management are crucial to minimize the risk of debilitating fractures and maintain quality of life.