cremate

Cremation is the process of reducing a deceased body to its basic components through high-temperature destruction, typically conducted in a dedicated crematorium. The verb cremate is used to describe the act, and the resulting material is commonly referred to as cremated remains or cremains.

After identification and removal of any medical devices, the body is placed in a rigid container and moved into a cremation chamber. The chamber is heated to roughly 760–980 degrees Celsius. Organic matter is vaporized or oxidized, leaving mineral bone fragments. The fragments are cooled and processed into a fine powder, often described as ashes. The total cremation time typically ranges from 1.5 to 3 hours, depending on equipment and body size.

Following cremation, cremains are returned to the family in an approved container. Depending on local law and personal preference, they may be interred in a cemetery, housed in a columbarium, scattered in permitted locations, or kept by survivors. Jurisdictions commonly regulate identification, chain of custody, and permissible methods of disposition.

Cultural and religious practices surrounding cremation vary widely. It is commonly practiced in Hinduism and Buddhism and is accepted in many Christian denominations, though attitudes differ among groups. Judaism and Islam generally discourage or prohibit cremation, with exceptions in certain circumstances. Secular societies may choose cremation for practical, environmental, or personal reasons, reflecting a range of beliefs about death and remembrance.

Environmental and regulatory considerations include emissions controls and energy use at modern facilities. Regulations may require filtration to reduce pollutants, including mercury from dental fillings. In some regions, alternatives to flame-based cremation, such as alkaline hydrolysis, are available and promoted as more environmentally friendly options. Availability and legality vary by country and jurisdiction.