costochondritis

Costochondritis is inflammation of the costal cartilage where the ribs meet the sternum, causing chest wall pain. The pain is typically localized to the anterior chest and often worsens with movement, deep breathing, or palpation of the affected cartilage. Onset can be sudden or gradual. The exact cause is frequently unknown; possible factors include repetitive strain, minor chest trauma, or a recent viral illness. It is not a heart or lung disease, but its symptoms can resemble cardiac conditions.

Diagnosis is clinical, based on history and examination. Because chest pain can indicate serious illness, providers may perform an ECG and chest radiograph to rule out heart or lung problems, especially in people with risk factors or red flags. No imaging is required in typical cases.

Treatment emphasizes pain relief and activity modification. Most cases improve within days to weeks. Treatments include NSAIDs (for example ibuprofen), acetaminophen, heat or cold therapy, and avoiding aggravating activities. Physical therapy or gentle stretching may help. If pain persists, a corticosteroid injection into the affected joint is occasionally used. Recurrence is possible.

Prognosis is generally favorable; most people recover fully, though episodes can recur. Distinguish from more serious causes of chest pain and seek urgent care if chest pain is accompanied by shortness of breath, fainting, sweating, or chest pressure.