cortesia

Cortesía, or cortesia in Portuguese, refers to the practice of courteous and respectful behavior in social interaction. In both languages, the term denotes politeness, consideration for others, and the etiquette that guides everyday communication and actions. Etymology traces the concept to courtly life, via Old French courtoisie, reflecting the idea that refined behavior governs interactions in social contexts.

Forms and examples of cortesía include polite language, gestures, and social norms. Common elements are greetings, expressions of thanks, apologies when appropriate, and requests phrased with respect. Nonverbal cues such as appropriate eye contact, suitable personal space, and active listening are often considered integral parts of courteous conduct, as are the appropriate use of titles or honorifics in formal settings.

Cultural variation is a key aspect of cortesía. Expectations differ across regions and communities. In many Spanish-speaking cultures, the use of the formal pronoun usted signals respect, while in Portuguese-speaking areas formality may be expressed through address and tone. In other parts of the world, politeness may emphasize indirectness, modesty, or ritual gestures. Observing local etiquette is commonly advised when interacting in unfamiliar social settings.

In modern life, cortesía applies to both personal behavior and institutional interactions. It underpins customer service, hospitality, education, and professional communication, helping to facilitate dialogue and reduce friction. While the practice is generally valued for promoting social cohesion, some critiques concern perceived rigidity or social exclusivity in highly formal contexts.