choral

Choral refers to music performed by a choir or written for such a ensemble. It typically involves multiple voice parts, commonly soprano, alto, tenor, and bass, though choirs may include additional divisions. Choral music can be sacred or secular and may be performed a cappella or with accompaniment such as organ, piano, or full orchestra.

Historically, choral music traces to medieval church chant and evolved through the Renaissance with the growth of polyphony. The Baroque period featured intricate choral textures in the works of composers such as J.S. Bach and Handel. In the Classical and Romantic eras, choral writing expanded to large-scale forms like masses, oratorios, cantatas, and symphonies with choir participation. The 20th century and beyond brought a wide range of languages and contemporary techniques, expanding the scope and experimentation within choral practice.

Repertoire encompasses sacred works such as Masses, Motets, and Requiems, as well as secular pieces including madrigals, part-songs, and chorales. Performances range from small chamber choirs to large cathedral or festival choirs. Choral music can be presented in a cappella formats or with organ, piano, or full orchestra, and contemporary works often explore diverse vocal textures and harmonies.

Choral singing is a common activity in education, churches, and community or professional concert organizations. Notable composers associated with choral music include Palestrina, Bach, Handel, Mozart, Brahms, Verdi, and modern writers such as Eric Whitacre and Morten Lauridsen.