charoite

Charoite is a rare purple silicate mineral that is widely used as a gemstone and decorative stone. It is best known for its characteristic lilac to violet color, often with swirling bands of white, black, or brown. Charoite typically occurs in massive, fibrous, or astringent aggregates rather than well-formed crystals, and it displays a silky to vitreous luster. It is usually described as translucent to opaque and is valued for its striking, patterned appearance rather than for crystal form.

Charoite was first described in the mid-20th century from the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is named after the Chara River near the locality where it was found. The mineral forms in hypersaline or hydrothermal environments associated with alkaline and intrusive rock complexes, and it is found alongside other silicate minerals and alteration products typical of such settings. Commercial material has historically come from a relatively small number of Russian localities, with the Charoite deposit being the best known source.

In practice, charoite is used predominantly as a gemstone for cabochons, beads, and carvings rather than faceted jewelry, due to its fibrous, banded texture and variable hardness. On the Mohs scale, its hardness is generally cited around 5 to 6, making it susceptible to scratching by harder substances. It has a relatively low density and a Mohs hardness that calls for gentle handling and protection from sharp blows, heat, and chemicals. Char oite remains popular for its distinctive color and unique, swirled patterns, which are characteristic of high-quality specimens.