castores

Castores, or beavers, are two extant species of semi-aquatic rodents in the family Castoridae: Castor canadensis, the North American beaver, and Castor fiber, the Eurasian beaver. They are renowned for their dam-building and lodge construction, which transform landscapes by creating ponds that provide protection from predators and access to food.

Beavers are large, robust rodents with a broad, flat tail used for swimming and balance. They have strong, continuously growing incisor teeth that enable them to cut wood. Their dense fur provides insulation in cold water, and their feet are adapted for an aquatic lifestyle.

Ecology and behavior: Beavers are primarily nocturnal or crepuscular and live in family groups. They build dams from branches, mud, and stones to raise water levels, creating wetlands that aid food storage and predator safety. Lodges, constructed from sticks and mud, often have underwater entrances. Their diet consists mainly of tree bark, cambium, leaves, and aquatic plants. They are territorial, with scent marking and vocalizations to maintain boundaries.

Distribution and habitat: Castor canadensis occurs across much of temperate North America, while Castor fiber is found across Eurasia. They inhabit rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands with abundant woody vegetation, especially in forested or riparian zones. As ecosystem engineers, beaver activity increases habitat complexity and supports numerous other species.

Conservation status: Both species are currently listed as Least Concern globally, though regional populations may vary due to habitat alteration, trapping, or conflicts with human infrastructure. They are valued for their ecological role and contribute to biodiversity and water management in many regions.