carnations

Carnations, commonly known as clove pinks, refer to the flowering plant Dianthus caryophyllus, a member of the Caryophyllaceae family. Native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and western Asia, they have been cultivated for centuries for their ornamental value and fragrant flowers. The term carnation can also apply to related species in the Dianthus genus, but D. caryophyllus is the most widely grown garden form.

Dianthus caryophyllus is a herbaceous perennial that forms tufted clumps. In garden settings it is often treated as a short-lived perennial or an annual. It bears linear, gray-green foliage and flower stalks that carry solitary or clustered blooms with frilled or serrated petals. Flowers range in color from white, pink, and red to bi-color varieties, and many cultivars are strongly clove-scented.

They prefer full sun and well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Space plants to ensure good air circulation and water at the base to avoid leaf diseases. Deadhead regularly to encourage more blooms; light feeding during the growing season promotes vigor. In cooler climates, they can be grown as perennials; in warmer regions they are typically grown as annuals. Propagation is possible by seed, cuttings, or division.

Carnations are common in floral arrangements, corsages, and gardens. Varieties differ in bloom size and form, including standard carnations (large, ruffled flowers) and border carnations (smaller blooms). In color symbolism, red represents admiration, pink conveys gratitude or love, and white stands for pure affection or luck; meanings can vary by culture. They are also valued for their long vase life when cut.

Pests and diseases include aphids, thrips, and fungal issues such as Botrytis cinerea under damp conditions. Management includes good air circulation, proper watering, removal of infected material, and, if needed, appropriate fungicides or insecticides.