butting

Butting is the act of striking with the head, horns, or forehead against another animal, object, or surface. In animals, the behavior is common and can serve social or defensive purposes. The term is also used metaphorically to describe human disputes when people "butt heads."

In many horned and antlered species—most notably goats, sheep, and cattle—butting is a routine behavior. It helps establish social hierarchy, compete for food or mates, and defend territory. Fights are often ritualized, with postures, pushes, and brief clashes rather than sustained combat. The outcomes depend on factors such as horn size, body mass, muscle strength, and experience.

In domesticated contexts, butting can occur within a herd or with less tolerant handlers. Animal keepers monitor for excessive aggression and deploy strategies to reduce risk, including providing ample space, predictable routines, environmental enrichment, and safe handling practices. Some facilities dehorn or trim horns to lower injury risk, where legal and ethically appropriate.

The phrase "butting heads" describes human conflict and is used metaphorically to indicate disagreement or clash of opinions, rather than physical contact. The expression tends to emphasize stubborn or persistent opposition rather than violence.

Related terms include headbutt, collision, and ramming, while related topics include animal behavior and welfare.