buphagus

Buphagus is a genus of Old World birds commonly known as oxpeckers. There are two species within this genus: the red-billed oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) and the yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus). These birds are primarily found in sub-Saharan Africa, inhabiting savannas, woodlands, and grasslands. Oxpeckers are easily recognizable by their medium size, brown plumage, and distinctive bills, which are brightly colored in red or yellow depending on the species.

A defining characteristic of buphagus is their symbiotic relationship with large mammals, such as cattle, zebras, giraffes, and rhinoceroses. They are often seen perched on the backs and ears of these animals, feeding on ectoparasites like ticks, lice, and mites. This feeding behavior is generally considered beneficial to the host animal as it helps to reduce parasite loads. However, recent research suggests that oxpeckers may also feed on earwax and blood from wounds, potentially irritating the host and even causing new wounds. Their presence is often a sign of larger mammal populations in the area. They typically nest in tree cavities or rock crevices, laying clutches of two to three eggs.