bukszpan

Bukszpan (Buxus sempervirens) is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Buxaceae. Native to western and southern Europe and parts of North Africa, it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. It is particularly valued for its dense foliage and its ability to be shaped into formal hedges, borders, topiary, and parterres. Numerous cultivars offer a range of leaf sizes and colors, including variegated forms.

Description: Bukszpan has opposite, simple leaves, 1–3 cm long, glossy and leathery. The plant forms a compact, slow-growing habit; in ideal conditions it may reach several meters, but it is commonly kept much smaller by pruning. The wood is fine and the growth habit makes it suitable for precise shapes.

Cultivation and uses: It prefers well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil and a sunny to partly shaded position. It tolerates a variety of climates and is hardy in temperate regions (generally USDA zones 5–9), though severe winters can damage exposed plants. It is propagated by semi-ripe cuttings, layering, or seeds. Pruning is used to maintain hedges, balls, or topiary forms.

Pests and diseases: Boxwood is susceptible to boxwood blight, caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata (formerly Cylindrocladium buxicola), which causes leaf spots and twig dieback, and to box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis), whose larvae defoliate plants. Other pests include scale insects and mites. Management focuses on sanitation, removing infected material, appropriate fungicides, and regular monitoring; ensure good air circulation.

Toxicity: All parts of the plant contain toxins and can be harmful if ingested by humans or animals.