brigantine

A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel in which the foremast is square-rigged and the mainmast carries fore-and-aft sails. The typical configuration has the foremast bearing square sails on multiple yards, while the mainmast is rigged with fore-and-aft sails such as a mainsail and usually additional sails like a jib or staysail. This combination aims to offer a balance of speed and maneuverability.

Rigging and sail plan distinguish brigantines from other two-masted ships. The square-rigged foremast provides strong sailing performance, especially on certain wind angles, while the fore-and-aft rig on the mainmast allows more easily managed sails and close-hauled progress. The schooner-like fore-and-aft mainsail on the mainmast is commonly supported by a bowsprit and headsails.

Historically, brigantines emerged in the early modern period and achieved widespread use from the 16th through the 19th centuries. They served as fast coastal traders, cargo carriers, and support vessels for larger fleets. Their relatively smaller size and versatile rig made them suitable for varied roles, including privateering and colonial commerce. Over time, the term experienced shifts in meaning and usage as naval and merchant sail plans evolved.

In contemporary sailing, brigantines are often built as replicas, training ships, or small working vessels. They remain appreciated for their classic profile and practical rig, illustrating a distinctive step in the evolution of two-masted sailing craft.