headsails

A headsail is any sail set forward of the mast, attached to a stay such as the forestay. It is a key component of the foretriangle sailplan and works together with the mainsail to drive the boat. Headsails range from small, non-overlapping jibs to large, overlapping genoas, and can include staysails and storm sails when appropriate.

Common types and purposes. A jib is a standard headsail that does not extend past the mast when trimmed. A genoa, or genoa jib, is larger and overlaps the mainsail, offering more power in light to moderate wind. A staysail is set on an inner stay and is often used for increased balance and in heavy weather. A storm jib is a small, simple head sail designed for high wind and demanding conditions. Sails are sometimes classified by overlap: non-overlapping jibs fit within the foretriangle, while genoas extend beyond it and overlap the mainsail.

Attachment and rigging. Headsails are commonly hoisted on the forestay and secured by hanks or rolled around the stay using a roller furling system. Hank-on sails attach to the stay with metal fasteners, while roller furling allows quick deployment and reefing by winding the sail around the forestay. Modern headsails are designed with a laminated or woven sailcloth, with the luff forming the sail’s leading edge and the sheet controlling the angle of attack.

Operation and performance. The choice of headsail affects upwind and broadreach performance, balance, and ease of handling. Sail trim, wind speed, and sea state influence which headsail is selected, and many boats carry multiple options to adapt to conditions.