boulderers

Boulderers are climbers who specialize in bouldering, a form of rock climbing performed on short, rugged routes called problems, typically 3 to 5 meters high. Boulderers climb without ropes or harnesses, relying on crash pads for protection and spotters to help guide falls. They usually wear climbing shoes and use chalk to keep their hands dry. Outdoor bouldering often takes place on natural rock formations, while indoor bouldering gyms provide artificial walls with graded problems.

The activity originated in Europe, with Fontainebleau in France playing a central historical role, and developed into a global practice in the late 20th century. Today, bouldering is practiced by climbers of all ages and skill levels, from beginners solving beginner problems to elites tackling technically demanding routes.

Bouldering emphasizes strength, footwork, body positioning, and problem-solving. Common techniques include precise foot placements, dynamic moves (dynos), and power endurance on long sequences. Holds vary from jugs to crimps, slopers, and pinches, and moves may be static or explosive. The term beta refers to information that helps solve a problem, while 'send' means completing a problem successfully. Grading systems include the Fontainebleau scale used outdoors and the V-scale used in many gyms.

Safety is a constant concern: climbers use crash pads to cushion falls, spotters to guide falls, and chalk helps with grip. Injury risks include finger, shoulder, and elbow issues, particularly with overuse. Bouldering also features a competitive scene with international events and national championships.