beltdrive

Beltdrive refers to a method of transmitting mechanical power by using a belt that runs over pulleys. The belt couples rotating shafts and transfers torque through friction between the belt surface and the pulley. In synchronous or timing belts, teeth on the belt engage matching grooves in the pulleys to prevent slipping and maintain a fixed speed ratio.

Common belt drive types include flat belts, V-belts, and toothed or synchronous belts. Flat belts are suitable for light to moderate power and long center distances, while V-belts offer higher power transmission in compact layouts. Synchronous belts use reinforced cords and toothed profiles to provide precise synchronization. Belt materials vary and may consist of rubber or polymer compounds reinforced with fabric, steel cords, or fiber strands; typical materials include neoprene, polyurethane, and polyester or aramid reinforcements.

Key components of a beltdrive system are the belt itself, pulleys or sheaves, tensioners, and idlers. Design considerations include belt length or pitch, pulley diameter and alignment, center distance between pulleys, and proper tension to balance slip resistance with component life. Belt drives are favored for their quiet operation, smooth power delivery, low maintenance (no regular lubrication), and simplicity. They can, however, deliver limited torque for a given size, are sensitive to misalignment and belt wear, and may experience slip or tooth wear under high or shock loads.

Applications span automotive power transmission (notably timing belts), industrial conveyors and machines, robotics, and some bicycle drive systems. Belt drives are often chosen for moderate power needs with a focus on efficiency, maintenance, and noise reduction.