beinþynningu

Beinþynning, commonly known as osteoporosis, is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in bone density and a change in bone structure, leading to weakened bones. This weakening makes bones more fragile and susceptible to fractures, even from minor falls or stress. While bone is a living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced, in osteoporosis, the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation.

Osteoporosis can affect anyone, but it is more prevalent in older adults, particularly postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes. Other risk factors include a family history of osteoporosis, certain medical conditions like hyperthyroidism or celiac disease, long-term use of corticosteroid medications, a sedentary lifestyle, and a diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D.

The condition often progresses silently, with no noticeable symptoms until a fracture occurs. Common fracture sites include the hip, spine, and wrist. Fractures, especially in the spine, can lead to loss of height, stooped posture, and chronic pain.

Diagnosis is typically made through a bone mineral density (BMD) test, often a DEXA scan. Treatment aims to slow bone loss, increase bone strength, and prevent fractures. This may involve lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes to increase calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Medications, including bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, and other agents, are also used to manage osteoporosis.