bakflæðissjúkdóminn

Bakflæðissjúkdómur, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining. This irritation occurs when stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. While occasional acid reflux is common, GERD is characterized by frequent and persistent symptoms.

The primary symptom of bakflæðissjúkdómur is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, often occurring after eating, at night, or when lying down. Other common symptoms include regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficulty swallowing, a sensation of a lump in the throat, chest pain, and chronic cough. Some individuals may also experience hoarseness or sore throat.

Several factors can contribute to or worsen bakflæðissjúkdómur. These include obesity, hiatal hernia (a condition where the upper part of the stomach bulges through the diaphragm), delayed stomach emptying, pregnancy, and certain medications. Lifestyle choices such as smoking, consuming fatty or spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and large meals can also exacerbate symptoms.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of medical history and symptoms, often followed by diagnostic tests like an upper endoscopy, esophageal manometry, or pH monitoring. Treatment strategies aim to reduce stomach acid production, improve esophageal function, and modify lifestyle factors. Medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers are commonly prescribed. In severe or persistent cases, surgery may be considered.