Bakflæðissjúkdómur

Bakflæðissjúkdómur, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a chronic digestive disorder characterized by the abnormal reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus. This occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular valve that separates the esophagus from the stomach, weakens or relaxes inappropriately. This allows stomach contents, including acid and partially digested food, to flow back up into the esophagus.

Common symptoms of bakflæðissjúkdómur include heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or when lying down. Other symptoms can include regurgitation of food or sour liquid into the throat, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and a chronic cough or sore throat. While occasional heartburn is common, persistent and severe symptoms are indicative of bakflæðissjúkdómur.

The exact cause of bakflæðissjúkdómur is not fully understood, but several factors can contribute to its development. These include obesity, pregnancy, delayed stomach emptying, and certain foods and drinks that can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, such as fatty foods, spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol. Smoking is also a significant risk factor.

Diagnosis of bakflæðissjúkdómur is typically based on a medical history and physical examination. In some cases, further tests like an upper endoscopy or a 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.

Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. Lifestyle modifications are often the first line of treatment and include dietary changes, weight loss, avoiding trigger foods, and elevating the head of the bed. Medications such as antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors are commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production. In severe or persistent cases, surgery may be considered to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter.