badger

Badger is a common name for several medium-sized mustelids, most belonging to the subfamily Melinae. True badgers include the European badger (Meles meles) and other Asian species in the genus Meles, such as Meles leucurus and Meles anakuma. The American badger (Taxidea taxus) is a separate lineage within Mustelidae. The honey badger (Mellivora capensis) is a close relative but not a Melinae true badger.

Badgers have sturdy bodies, short legs, and strong forelimbs for digging. They range from about 60 to 90 cm long, with tails of 15–30 cm, and weigh roughly 6–20 kg depending on species. Their dense fur may be grizzled, and facial markings vary by species.

They inhabit woodlands, grasslands, and farmlands, often tending extensive burrow systems called setts in which they shelter by day. Most badgers are nocturnal or crepuscular and solitary, though some in the same area may share a sett.

Diet is varied. In many species it is omnivorous, including earthworms, insects, fruits, and small vertebrates; American badgers are especially carnivorous, feeding on small mammals and ground squirrels. Breeding occurs in spring, yielding litters of 1–5 offspring; pups stay with the mother for several months.

Conservation status varies by species; many are listed as Least Concern, but habitat loss and persecution in some regions affect populations. Badgers can be valued for pest control yet regarded as nuisances by farmers because of digging.