backpacking

Backpacking is an outdoor recreation activity that combines hiking with an overnight stay away from developed facilities, typically carried out in a backpack containing shelter, food, and essential gear. Participants may camp in backcountry or wilderness areas, or along long-distance trails. The activity is distinguished from day hiking by the need to carry all essentials and to camp away from civilization.

Equipment and logistics: Common gear includes a backpack, shelter (tent, tarp, or bivy), a sleep system, clothing for layering, a stove and cooking kit, food, water containers, and a means of water treatment. Navigation tools such as maps, a compass, and sometimes a GPS are used, along with a headlamp, multitool, and emergency gear. Pack weight and setup vary with style, from traditional to ultralight. Planning also involves routes, weather, permits, and fire restrictions.

Planning and safety: Trips are planned around terrain, weather, and regulations, with considerations for permits and campfire rules. Leave No Trace principles guide camp discipline and waste handling. Common risks include exposure to cold or heat, dehydration, injury, and wildlife encounters, making knowledge of navigation, first aid, and emergency signaling important.

Styles and routes: Backpacking ranges from short overnight trips to multi-week expeditions. Long-distance or thru-hiking on established routes is a recognized subset, often requiring extended logistics and conditioning. The movement toward ultralight gear has influenced gear choices, pacing, and trip planning.

Environmental and cultural aspects: Backpacking emphasizes low-impact travel and respect for wilderness, while popularity can create environmental pressures. Responsible practices, adherence to regulations, and proper waste management aim to minimize habitat disturbance and litter.