auto

The automobile, commonly shortened to auto, is a self-propelled wheeled vehicle designed for transportation on roads. Most modern cars have four wheels, seating for passengers, and a drivetrain powered by an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. They include systems for steering, braking, suspension, and safety, such as seat belts and airbags. Autos are used for personal mobility, commercial transport, and public services, and they vary widely in size, form, and performance.

The development of automobiles began in the late 19th century, with inventors such as Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler producing early gasoline-powered vehicles. Mass production gains in the early 20th century, notably by Henry Ford, lowered costs and expanded ownership. Since then, automotive technology has evolved through improvements in engines, transmissions, safety systems, and electronics, leading to greater efficiency, reliability, and comfort. The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw the rise of electronics, fuel injection, anti-lock braking systems, airbags, and alternative propulsion technologies.

Types of autos include sedans, hatchbacks, coupes, convertibles, SUVs, light trucks, and vans. Propulsion options range from internal combustion engines to hybrid and pure electric powertrains. Electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids are growing in market share, accompanied by developing charging infrastructure. Autonomous driving and advanced driver-assistance systems are advancing toward higher levels of automation, though adoption varies by region and regulatory framework. Environmental concerns and policy goals have driven electrification and efficiency standards, and the auto industry remains a major economic sector with ongoing innovation and regulation.