argumentativeness

Argumentativeness is a disposition in communication to engage in and enjoy arguing about controversial issues, and to present and defend positions with reasoned argument while challenging opposing viewpoints. It emphasizes the willingness to take and defend stances in discussions, rather than aiming to attack the person. The trait is distinct from verbal aggressiveness, which centers on personal hostility, and from nonassertiveness, which avoids taking positions.

In research, argumentativeness is typically assessed through self-report scales, such as the Argumentativeness Scale developed by Infante and Rancer. The construct is treated as relatively stable (trait-like) but can be influenced by context and training. It tends to correlate with related tendencies such as assertiveness, critical thinking, and openness to experience, while remaining distinguishable from them.

The effects of argumentativeness can be constructive or problematic. In appropriate contexts, it can foster clear reasoning, thorough examination of alternatives, and effective persuasion. However, when expressed aggressively or without regard for others, it can increase conflict, damage relationships, and hinder collaboration. Cultural norms influence its reception; some settings prize debate as a path to better conclusions, while others value harmony and oppose outspoken disputation.

Applications of the concept appear in education, negotiation, and media studies, where researchers examine how argumentativeness affects learning, decision making, and discourse quality. Discussions of argumentativeness often emphasize balancing vigorous argument with respectful dialogue and active listening.