antropometrik

Antropometrik is the branch of anthropology that focuses on the measurement and analysis of the human body's size, shape, proportion, and composition. It involves collecting standardized measurements to study variation among individuals and groups, and to support practical applications in health, ergonomics, apparel, and forensics.

Key measurements include stature (height), body weight, and circumferences such as waist and chest, as well as limb lengths, skinfold thickness, and bone breadths. Measurements are taken with tools such as an anthropometer, stadiometer, measuring tapes, and calipers; modern practice often uses three-dimensional body scanners and imaging techniques to capture many dimensions at once. Derived indices such as body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage are commonly used to summarize size and composition, though they have limitations.

Historically, anthropometry emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries with scientists like Adolphe Quetelet, who formalized measurements of human size, and the Bertillon system, which used body measurements for criminal identification. In the 20th century, anthropometry became foundational in ergonomics, nutrition surveillance, pediatric growth monitoring, sports science, and forensic science.

Applications are diverse: designing workplaces and consumer products to fit human dimensions, creating clothing sizes, assessing nutritional status, tracking growth in children, and aiding forensic investigations.

Limitations include variation due to age, sex, ethnicity, and environmental factors; measurement error and the need for standardized protocols; and ethical considerations around privacy and consent. Advancements such as 3D scanning continue to improve accuracy and reduce observer bias.