alabaster

Alabaster is a fine-grained, soft mineral used for carving and decorative objects. The term commonly refers to two related but distinct materials: gypsum alabaster, a true alabaster formed of the mineral gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate), and calcite alabaster, a dense, opaque or translucent form of calcite. Gypsum alabaster is generally softer (Mohs hardness about 2) and can be easily carved and polished; calcite alabaster is a bit harder (Mohs about 3) and more prone to acid attack and weathering. Both varieties are typically white or pale in color and may show mottling or veining; when thin, they are translucent and can glow when light is transmitted.

Alabaster has a long history of use. It was quarried in ancient Egypt and in medieval and early modern Europe. Derbyshire in England became famous for its gypsum alabaster carvings, often used for altarpieces and reliefwork; Volterra in Italy is noted for calcite alabaster sculptures. The material has also been used for lamps, vases, and decorative panels due to its soft luminescence.

Care and handling: alabaster is relatively soft and porous. It can be scratched and stained; it is sensitive to acids and prolonged moisture; finished pieces may be polished or sealed for indoor display. Outdoor use is generally not recommended in freezing climates.

Overall, alabaster remains valued for its warm light-diffusing qualities and historical versatility in sculpture and decorative arts.