afvægning

afvægning is a Danish term that describes the act of balancing, offsetting, or counterbalancing something. Etymologically, it combines af- (off, away) with vægt (weight), reflecting the idea of adjusting weights to achieve equilibrium or to weigh competing factors. The concept can refer to physical balancing as well as evaluative balancing.

In physical and engineering contexts, afvægning often means creating equilibrium by adding counterweights or redistributing loads. It is used in systems such as cranes, elevators, gyroscopic devices, and rotating machinery, where proper balance is essential for stability, safety, and performance. Dynamic balancing may be employed to minimize vibrations and wear.

In decision making, policy analysis, and project appraisal, afvægning denotes weighing pros and cons, costs and benefits, or risks against potential gains. It encompasses methods like cost–benefit analysis, risk assessment, and multi-criteria decision analysis to reach a balanced judgment. The process depends on identifying relevant factors, quantifying where possible, and acknowledging uncertainties.

Balancing can be subjective, influenced by values, priorities, and available information. Effective afvægning tends to be transparent about assumptions, criteria, and trade-offs, and it often involves structured comparison rather than ad hoc judgments. In both technical and evaluative uses, the goal is to achieve an equilibrium that supports safe operation, sound design, or well-reasoned choices.