adventti

Adventti, or Advent, is a season in the Christian liturgical calendar that marks the lead-up to Christmas. The name derives from Latin adventus, meaning arrival or coming, referring to both the anticipated birth of Christ and the future Second Coming. In Western churches, Advent consists of four Sundays, beginning on the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day; the exact start date varies yearly, but the period generally falls in late November to December. The season serves as a time of preparation, anticipation, and spiritual reflection.

Common observances include the Advent wreath, a ring of evergreen with four candles. One candle is lit on each of the four Sundays of Advent, sometimes with an additional candle lit on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day in some traditions. Candles are often associated with themes such as hope, peace, joy, and love. Many households also use Advent calendars, which count down the days to Christmas from December 1 or December 1–24, revealing a small image or treat each day.

Observance of Advent varies by denomination and culture. It is central in Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist traditions, but the emphasis and practices can differ, ranging from penitential to celebratory. In many Nordic and European countries, Advent has a strong cultural profile beyond strictly liturgical duties, featuring home decorations, public events, and seasonal markets. Secular aspects, such as commercial Christmas preparations, are also commonly integrated into the season in many communities.

Historically, Advent was formalized in the Middle Ages, with the four-week structure becoming standard in various Western churches. Today, Adventti serves as a transitional period between ordinary time and the Christmas feast, balancing expectant waiting with preparation for celebration.