adrenalectomia

Adrenalectomia is a surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They produce essential hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, and androgens, which regulate metabolism, immune function, blood pressure, and stress response.

This surgery is typically performed to treat conditions related to the adrenal glands, such as adrenal tumors. These tumors can be benign or malignant and may cause hormonal imbalances. For example, pheochromocytoma, a tumor that produces excess adrenaline, or Cushing's syndrome, caused by too much cortisol, are often treated with adrenalectomy. Primary aldosteronism, a condition of overproducing aldosterone, is another common indication. In some cases, adrenalectomia may be necessary to manage adrenal cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.

The procedure can be performed using traditional open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. Laparoscopic adrenalectomia involves smaller incisions and often leads to a quicker recovery. The choice of surgical approach depends on factors such as the size and type of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's expertise.

After adrenalectomia, patients may require hormone replacement therapy, especially if both adrenal glands are removed or if the remaining gland does not produce sufficient hormones. This therapy aims to replace the hormones that the adrenal glands would normally produce, ensuring the body's functions remain regulated. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for any recurrence of disease and manage hormone levels.