adenomyoosiin

Adenomyoosiin, commonly referred to in English as adenomyosis, is a gynecological condition in which endometrial tissue—the lining normally inside the uterus—invades the muscular wall of the uterus (the myometrium). This intrusion can cause the uterus to enlarge and may lead to a thickened junction between the endometrium and myometrium, resulting in a distorted uterine structure in some cases.

The most common symptoms are heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, and painful cramps that can be chronic and located in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Additional signs can include persistent pelvic pressure, bloating, and pain during intercourse. The severity of symptoms varies widely; some individuals have little or no symptoms, while others experience significant impairment of daily activities.

The exact cause of adenomyoosiin is not fully understood. The condition likely results from a combination of factors, including hormonal influences, structural changes in the uterus, and inflammatory processes. Risk factors may include greater age, higher parity (having given birth), and prior uterine surgery; adenomyosis often coexists with other uterine conditions such as fibroids.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies. Transvaginal ultrasound is commonly used as a first-line tool, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide more detailed visualization of the myometrial invasion. Definitive confirmation is often based on histopathology, usually obtained after hysterectomy, but many cases are managed without surgical diagnosis.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and preserve fertility when possible. Options include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain, hormonal therapies to reduce bleeding and suppress menstruation (such as combined oral contraceptives, progestins, or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system), and GnRH agonists or antagonists. In some cases, uterine-sparing surgical procedures or, when fertility is not a concern, hysterectomy may be considered. Prognosis varies with symptom relief and disease extent; symptoms often improve after menopause due to decreased estrogen exposure.