adaptacija

Adaptacija is a term used across disciplines to denote the process by which an organism, system, idea, work or device becomes better suited to its environment or purpose. It encompasses changes produced by evolution, learning, design modifications and interpretive transformations.

In biology, adaptacija refers to traits shaped by natural selection that increase an organism's survival or reproductive success in a particular environment. These evolutionary adaptations arise over generations through genetic variation and differential fitness. On shorter timescales, acclimatization and physiological adjustment let individuals cope with changing conditions.

In psychology and social sciences, adaptacija describes cognitive and behavioral adjustments individuals and groups make in response to novel situations, stressors or cultural contexts. Examples include acculturation by migrants and coping strategies after life events.

In arts and media, adaptacija denotes the transformation of a work from one medium or cultural setting to another, such as adapting a novel into a film or reinterpreting a play for a modern audience. In technology and engineering, adaptive design adjusts system behavior to meet user needs or environmental conditions, often using feedback, algorithms or machine learning.

Mechanisms of adaptacija vary by domain, from genetic mutation and selection to learning, innovation and redesign. The concept highlights the interplay between constraints and opportunities, and is central to understanding resilience, functionality and change in natural and human-made systems.