actuatie
Actuatie, or actuation, is the process of converting energy into mechanical motion in a controlled way. An actuator is the device that performs actuation, typically driven by a controller. Actuation technologies are commonly categorized by energy source: electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic. Electrical actuators convert electrical energy to motion via motors or linear actuators and are common when precise control and fast response are required. Hydraulic actuators use incompressible fluid under pressure to generate large forces and are favored for high load and smooth motion. Pneumatic actuators use compressed air and are valued for simplicity, fast travel, and lightweight duty.
Other actuator types include piezoelectric, shape memory alloy, and thermal actuators, which exploit material properties for
Actuation systems can operate in open-loop or closed-loop configurations. Closed-loop actuation employs sensors (position, velocity, force)
Applications span manufacturing automation, robotics, aerospace, automotive actuation, medical devices, and consumer electronics (for haptic feedback