Zuska
Zuska disease, commonly referred to as Zuska’s disease or periductal mastitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the breast ducts located beneath the areola. It presents with recurrent subareolar abscesses, sinus tract formation, and sometimes nipple discharge. The condition is most often described in middle-aged women and is associated with risk factors such as smoking, ductal obstruction, and chronic inflammation, though variants can occur in men and younger individuals.
Cause and pathophysiology are not fully understood. The prevailing view is that subareolar duct obstruction leads
Clinical features typically include painful swelling under the areola, recurrent purulent or serous discharge, tender nodules,
Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation supported by imaging. Ultrasound is commonly used to identify ductal
Treatment aims to control infection, relieve symptoms, and prevent recurrence. Acute infections are treated with appropriate