Zugangspflichten
Zugangspflichten are legal obligations that require a dominant market player to grant access to its essential facilities or networks to other undertakings. They are intended to prevent bottlenecks and to promote effective competition by ensuring that new entrants can use infrastructure such as transmission or distribution networks, interconnection points, or other critical facilities under fair, non-discriminatory, and transparent conditions.
In the European Union and Germany, access duties can be imposed when a firm holds a dominant
The terms of access are designed to be objective, predictable, and proportionate. Pricing is generally expected
Zugangspflichten do not replace ordinary market contracting but complement it where market power or infrastructure bottlenecks