Zootechniske

Zootechniske, also known as zootechnics in English, is the branch of animal science focused on the efficient and humane production of domestic animals. It emphasizes the integrated application of breeding, nutrition, housing, reproduction management, and health care to optimize output while ensuring welfare and sustainability. Practitioners design and supervise livestock production systems, select breeding stock, formulate feeding programs, monitor health, and plan housing and handling that reduce stress and disease risk.

The field covers major livestock species including cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, and fish farming (aquaculture). Key components include genetic improvement through selection and crossbreeding, nutrition optimization and feed efficiency, reproduction management (breeding cycles, artificial insemination), animal welfare and housing design, disease prevention and veterinary management, and production economics. Data collection, record-keeping, and performance metrics support decision-making and traceability.

History of zootechnics traces back to early domestication and traditional husbandry. Its modernization began during the scientific agriculture movement of the 18th and 19th centuries with advances in genetics and nutrition. In the 20th and 21st centuries, zootechnics has integrated quantitative genetics, precision livestock farming, and sustainable farming practices to reduce environmental impact and improve welfare.

Relation to related fields includes veterinary medicine, animal genetics, nutrition science, and agricultural economics. Educational programs in agricultural universities often teach zootechnics as part of animal science or agronomy curricula, reflecting its role in managing livestock production responsibly and efficiently.