Ylivuoron

Ylivuoron, also known as the Finnish long-tailed duck (*Clangula hyemalis*), is a medium-sized sea duck native to the Arctic and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is widely distributed across northern Europe, Asia, and North America, with Finland serving as a key breeding ground for its European population. The species is particularly notable for its striking appearance and distinctive vocalizations.

The ylivuoron is easily recognizable by its long, slender tail feathers, which extend beyond its wings when at rest. Males exhibit a distinctive black-and-white plumage with a white patch on the forehead and a black cap, while females are more subdued in coloration, featuring brownish-gray feathers with a lighter face. Both sexes have a red eye and a black bill with a yellow tip. During the breeding season, males develop a bright orange eye and a more vivid plumage, which fades as the season progresses.

This species is primarily a marine duck, spending most of its time on open waters, though it also frequents coastal areas, lakes, and rivers during migration and winter. It feeds primarily on mollusks, crustaceans, and small fish, diving underwater to forage. The ylivuoron is known for its loud, raspy calls, which are often heard during courtship displays and while in flight.

Breeding occurs in the spring, with nests typically built on the ground near water bodies in tundra or forested areas. Females lay between five and eight eggs, which they incubate alone for about 28 days. The chicks are precocial, meaning they are able to leave the nest shortly after hatching and can swim within hours. Both parents participate in raising the young, though the female takes the lead in brooding.

Conservation status for the ylivuoron is generally stable, with no major threats identified. However, habitat loss and climate change may pose indirect risks to its populations in the long term. It is protected under Finnish wildlife legislation and is a common sight in Finnish nature reserves and coastal wetlands.