Yezidism

Yezidism is an esoteric monotheistic religious tradition originating among the Kurdish people of the Middle East, particularly in the regions of Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. It is one of the oldest surviving religions in the world, with roots tracing back to pre-Islamic times, though its exact origins remain debated among scholars. Yezidis consider themselves followers of the ancient prophet Adam, with a strong emphasis on the figure of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, whom they revere as a divine manifestation and the founder of their faith around the 12th century.

The Yezidi faith is centered around the worship of Tawûsî Melek, often referred to as the Peacock Angel, who is considered the highest angel and a manifestation of God. This figure is depicted with a human face and a peacock’s body, symbolizing divine beauty and protection. Yezidis believe in a strict monotheistic concept of God, whom they call the *Khuda*, and reject the idea of a creator god separate from the divine essence. Their cosmology includes a complex hierarchy of angels, with Tawûsî Melek serving as an intermediary between God and humanity.

Yezidi rituals and practices are deeply mystical, incorporating elements of Sufism, Zoroastrianism, and other ancient traditions. They observe strict dietary laws, avoiding pork and alcohol, and practice a form of dhikr, or remembrance of God, through chanting and meditation. The *Dêrêv* (temple) is the sacred space where Yezidis gather for communal prayers, particularly during the *Shab-i Arûs* (Night of the Wedding), a major festival celebrating the union of God and the Peacock Angel.

Yezidis face significant historical persecution, particularly due to misconceptions about their faith, which has been conflated with devil worship in some contexts. The 2014 genocide by the Islamic State (ISIS) against Yezidis in Sinjar, Iraq, resulted in widespread destruction and displacement, drawing international attention to their plight. Today, Yezidis continue to preserve their traditions while navigating challenges of assimilation and cultural preservation in a rapidly changing world. Their community remains a vital cultural and religious heritage in Kurdish society.