Wolle

Wool, in textile terms, is a natural fiber primarily obtained from the fleece of sheep. It is valued for warmth, elasticity, and moisture management. Wool fibers are crimped and springy, which provides excellent insulation and helps fabrics recover their shape after bending.

Wool comes in a range of qualities and is primarily associated with sheep, though other animals yield wool-like fibers such as cashmere and mohair from goats, and fibers from alpacas or yaks. Fiber diameter, measured in microns, distinguishes qualities from fine, soft Merino wools to coarser wools used for carpets and upholstery. The term “wool” can also refer to blends that include wool with other fibers.

Processing typically begins with shearing, followed by scouring to remove grease and dirt. Clean fleece is sorted by fiber diameter and then carded to align the fibers; combing may be used for worsted yarns. The resulting fibers are spun into yarn, which is woven or knitted into fabric and finished through processes such as fulling, dyeing, and washing. Wool can also be felted under heat, moisture, and agitation.

Wool’s properties include warmth, breathability, and natural moisture absorption, while remaining relatively flame resistant. It can absorb substantial moisture without feeling wet, and its elasticity helps garments resist wrinkling. Common uses encompass clothing, blankets, carpets, and some insulation materials. Environmental considerations include land use and greenhouse gas emissions from sheep, but wool is often recycled or produced with responsible farming practices and certifications.