Windscreens

Windscreens, commonly called windshields in American English, are the front window panels of motor vehicles and, in some contexts, aircraft. They protect occupants from wind, weather, and debris while providing a clear view. In many designs, the windscreen also contributes to the vehicle’s structural rigidity and uprights that support rollover protection.

Construction and materials vary, but most automotive windscreens are laminated safety glass: two sheets of glass bonded together with a plastic interlayer, typically polyvinyl butyral (PVB). This lamination prevents large shards from detaching on impact. Modern windscreens may include heating elements to prevent icing and fogging, UV filtering to reduce sun damage, and sometimes acoustic laminates to dampen interior noise. Side and rear windows are frequently tempered glass, though some vehicles use laminated glass where sensors or cameras are installed behind the glass.

Installation, safety, and regulation are important considerations. Windscreens are secured with a strong adhesive to the vehicle frame, and must meet safety glazing standards that address impact resistance and retention of broken glass. Damage from stones or accidents can compromise visibility and structural integrity; small chips may be repaired with resin, but larger cracks typically require full replacement. Proper fit and calibration are essential, especially on modern vehicles equipped with ADAS and airbag systems.

A brief history notes that windshields evolved from ordinary glass to safety glass in the early 20th century, with laminated construction becoming standard for front windows. Current developments emphasize visibility, safety, energy efficiency, and integration with electronic systems.